Strengthened connection between meridional location of winter polar front jet and surface air temperature since the mid-1990s

Abstract This study reveals a marked enhancement in the relationship between variations location of winter East Asian Polar Front Jet (EAPJ) and surface air temperature (SAT) Eurasia since mid-1990s. Before mid-1990s, an evident wave train related to meridional EAPJ exhibited anticyclonic anomaly over northern Europe cyclonic northwestern Asia. With equatorward shift after experiences notable adjustment that is conducive cooling, displaying around Kara-Laptev Seas near northeastern Arctic warming anomalies sea ice loss contributed significantly these decadal changes. Simulation experiments forced by observed sea-ice variability further confirm this result. Since (or anomaly) has reduction westerly winds high latitudes modulating gradient. The deaccelerated intensify cold propagating south, enhancing atmospheric baroclinicity flow upper level at south side EAPJ, favoring southward EAPJ. corresponding SAT Asia are more salient.